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Scary word, isn't it? "Mortgage."
It sounds like the name of a disease
and it
sort of is. A home mortgage is basically a fancy word
for "house loan" instead of paying for the
house all at once at the beginning, you pay a little
bit every month. An agency covers you for what you
haven't paid yet, and you continue to pay the mortgage
until you finally own the house outright and payoff your home morgage loan (say, 15
to 30 years later).
A monthly mortgage payment consists of:
- Principal - repayment of the original loan amount borrowed.
- Interest - the cost of borrowing the principal
loan amount.
- Taxes - real estate taxes.
- Insurance- homeowners insurance.
Together, this is known as the PITI (Principal/Interest/Taxes/Insurance)
payment. You may also think of it as the "Lord have PITI on my
payment."
There are several factors involved in getting a mortgage:
Annual income
According to the Home Buyer's Information Center, most buyers purchase
houses that cost between 1.5 - 2.5 times their annual income. However, in some
areas, there may not be houses available in that range, so you may need to
spend a bit more. Keep in mind that your monthly mortgage payment should not
exceed approximately 28% - 29% of your gross monthly income. That's because
your total debt payments (car, credit cards, plus the monthly mortgage,
whatever) should not exceed 36% - 40% of your gross monthly income. After all,
you have to eat.
Prequalification and preapproval
With these ratios in mind, it's now time to get prequalified and preapproved
for a mortgage. You may be thinking, "Why do I need a morgage if I
haven't even looked at any houses?" It evokes the chicken and egg
scenario: Which comes first? The mortgage or house? When it comes to buying a
house, you get pre-approved for the mortgage loan first because it will
determine how much you can spend. And to get pre-approved, you must get
pre-qualified (that is, you have to qualify for preapproval letter).
To get a pre-qualified mortgage loan you will need to supply your financial
lender with a detailed loan financial statement & credit application, plus
the following financial information about yourself:
Your current income. Gather W-2's and federal & state income tax returns
from the last 2 or 3 years, copies of paycheck stubs, and bank statements from
savings and checking.
Your credit history. Credit reporting agencies can be contacted online for a
credit report, even a free credit report is available. A paid credit report
will cost about $10 - though it's free in some cases.
If upon checking your credit report and Fair Isaac Score (FICO) you see
there are some negatives to your credit rating you should try to get any
obvious credit blemishes either removed or updated with better looking credit
data before your mortgage loan application is processed by your lender. By
knowing all about credit repair and credit protection,
your home mortgage loan is more likely to be approved and carry a beneficial
low interest rate too!
The amount of debt you are carrying. So gather your billing statements for
your credit cards, other loans, bank and auto loans, alimony, etc.
Fixed rate home mortgage loans (commonly 15/yr or 30/yr vs. adjustable rate (ARM)
mortgage
There are two types of mortgage loans - fixed and adjustable-rate (ARM) morgages.
On a fixed-rate mortgage, there is a fixed term (for example, 15 to 30 years) and
a fixed interest rate at the start of the morgage. The monthly amount for the
payment of principal and interest will not change during the term of the
mortgage. Taxes and insurance are not guaranteed.
On an adjustable rate mortgage, also known as an ARM (Adjustable Rate
Mortgage), the interest rates are adjusted up or down according to current
interest rates, established by the Government. The principal and interest
payment goes up and down with these rate changes as well.
Down payment
Your home-mortgage will also depend on the amount of your down payment (that
is, how much money you'll fork over up front). Most homebuyers make down
payments of 5% - 15% of the total home price. However, you may qualify for a
lower down payment because of the various types of homebuyer's loans that are
available. There are all kinds of loans to consider: first-time home-buyer
loan programs, Veteran's Administrations (VA) loans, HUD Loans, and Federal Housing
Administration, federal housing authority guaranteed
FHA Loans. There may
even be home-loans associated with the neighborhood you're buying in to encourage
more people to move into that particular area. This is another topic of
discussion to have with your mortgage lender.
Loan Points
Yet another factor to consider is the amount of points you are willing to
pay with your mortgage loan. A point is 1% of your mortgage loan amount. Points
are usually paid for up-front. If you can (and are willing) to pay points, then
it will bring down your interest rate and potentially, your closing costs.
Locating a mortgage agency
So how do you find a financial institution to approach for a mortgage?
The main financing advice we can offer you is to compare as many funding
sources as possible.
Check with your local bank, state credit union, or
federal credit union, savings and
loan association S&L,
home mortgage broker, mortgage loan banker and financial websites.
Check latest home mortgage interest rates for your area. These are usually
listed in the Real Estate section of your local newspaper, often on Saturday or
Sunday.
Keep in mind, whomever you choose, once the mortgage lender is finished
prequalifying you, they'll want to preapprove you for the highest amount your
income can afford - in other words, they want you to pay as much as you can
possibly afford every month. Whatever you do, don't go out and buy a house for
that amount. Buy something lower priced with more moderate mortgage loan
payments.
You may need the extra income surplus for possible unknown expenses like
higher morgage loan closing costs, home repairs, moving costs, additional furniture, lawn
tools, remodeling, etc. Also consider your monthly expenses for utilities
and homeowner maintenance may also increase.
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